99 — Kaynaklar (Tüm URL'ler + Akademik Referanslar) #

Tüm araştırma için kullanılan kaynakların kategorize edilmiş listesi. SearXNG (mcp__localai__searxng_search) ile toplandı, 2026-05-12.

A. Ansiklopedik Genel Referanslar #

• Wikipedia: Physiognomy — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiognomy
• Wikipedia: Phrenology — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phrenology
• Wikipedia: Physiognomonics (pseudo-Aristotle) — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiognomonics
• Wikipedia: Cesare Lombroso — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesare_Lombroso
• Wikipedia: Ernst Kretschmer — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst_Kretschmer
• Wikipedia: Somatotype and constitutional psychology — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatotype_and_constitutional_psychology
• Wikipedia: Forensic facial reconstruction — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_facial_reconstruction
• Wikipedia: Looksmaxxing — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looksmaxxing
• Wikipedia: Scientific racism — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_racism
• Wikipedia: Mesopotamian divination — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamian_divination
• Wikipedia: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Expression_of_the_Emotions_in_Man_and_Animals
• Vikipedi: Fizyonomi (TR) — https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fizyonomi
• Britannica: Physiognomy — https://www.britannica.com/topic/physiognomy-divination
• Britannica: Phrenology — https://www.britannica.com/topic/phrenology
• EBSCO Research Starters: Physiognomy — https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/anatomy-and-physiology/physiognomy

B. Modern Eleştirel Akademik Kaynaklar #

B.1. NLM (US National Library of Medicine) #

• NLM Exhibition: AI and the Legacy of Physiognomy (2023) — https://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/artificial-intelligence-and-physiognomy/index.html
• NLM News announcement — https://www.nlm.nih.gov/news/AI_Physiognomy_Promising_Future_Complex_Past.html

B.2. Akademik Yayınlar #

• Stinson (2024) "The reanimation of pseudoscience in machine learning and its ethical repercussions" — PMC 11573791 / ScienceDirect S2666389924001600
• Stinson (Springer 2026) "Facial analysis AI as social pseudotechnology" — https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13194-026-00732-1
• Project MUSE (Jan 2026) "Camp Physiognomy" — https://muse.jhu.edu/article/979369
• Medium (Dec 2022) Eejjbair "The Return of Physiognomy" — https://eejjbair.medium.com/the-return-of-physiognomy-interpretive-art-or-pseudo-science-e1bfe10b689
• Information Ethics (2024) "Can Machine Learning Identify Criminals" — https://informationethics.ca/index.php/irie/article/view/539
• MercatorNet (Aug 2018) "The two faces of physiognomy" — https://www.mercatornet.com/the-two-faces-of-physiognomy

C. Türk-İslâm Geleneği Kaynakları #

C.1. Akademik Türk Yayınları #

• DergiPark 655286 — Müjgan Çakır, Çağatay Türkçesi Kıyafetü'l-Beşer makalesi
• DergiPark 1706184 — Dımaşkî'nin Kitâbü'l-Âdâb ve's-Siyâse fî 'İlmi'l-Firâse incelemesi
• DergiPark 3780219 — Kıyâfe(t) İlmi ve Akşemseddinzâde Hamdullah Hamdî
• TDK Belleten 1079 — Hamdullah Hamdî'nin Kıyâfetname'sinin Bir Nüshası — https://tdkbelleten.gov.tr/tam-metin/1079/tur
• TDK Belleten 297 — Kıyafetnameler Üzerine — https://tdkbelleten.gov.tr/tam-metin-pdf/297/tur
• ZfWT 351-1727 — Niğdeli Visâlî ve Hamdullah Hamdî kıyâfetnâmeleri karşılaştırması
• RumeliDE 1756588945 (2024) — Reşat Belen, Bir Kıyafetname Nümûne
• isamveri.org D220243 (2012) — Kızıltunç, Erzurumlu İbrahim Hakkı Kıyâfetnâmesi
• ResearchGate 380158508 (2024) — Çağatay Türkçesi Kıyâfetü'l-Beşer
• Academia.edu 110833366 — Türk Edebiyatında Kıyafet İlmi ve Kıyafetnameler

C.2. Osmanlı Müellif Bibliyografyaları #

• Bursalı Mehmed Tâhir, Osmanlı Müellifleri I. Cild — Internet Archive osmanlmuellifler01mehm
• Bursalı Mehmed Tâhir, Osmanlı Müellifleri I (alternative scan) — archive.org OsmanlMMellifleri1.Cild
• Mustafa İsen, Eski Türk Edebiyatı El Kitabı Grafiker Yayınları (Scribd)
• Türk Edebiyatı Eserler Sözlüğü — http://tees.yesevi.edu.tr/madde-detay/kiyafet-name-hamdi-aksemseddin-zade

C.3. Popüler ve Klinik Türk Kaynaklar #

• Dr. Alparslan Kahveci "İlm-i Simanın (Fizyonomi) Tarihçesi" — https://www.alparslankahveci.com.tr/ilmi-simanin-fizyonomi-tarihcesi/
• Pearl Therapy Center "İlm-i Sîmâ (Fizyognomi)" — https://pearltherapycenter.com/faydali-bilgiler-yazilar/ilm-i-sima-fizyognomi-ve-yuz-hatlarina-gore-kisilik-analizi/
• Akademya Dergisi "İlmi Sîmadan Fizyonomiye" — https://akademyadergisi.com/ilmi-simadan-fizyonomiye-yuz-okuma-sanati/
• Fikir Turu "İnsanın yüzünden, beden yapısından kişiliği belli olur mu?" — https://fikirturu.com/toplum/insanin-yuzunden-beden-yapisindan-kisiligi/
• Ekrem Buğra Ekinci "Asırlar Boyu Karakteri Ele Veren Yüz Okuma Sanatı" — https://www.ekrembugraekinci.com/article/?ID=1140
• Erzurum Haber Erzurum'lu İbrahim Hakkı Marifetname özeti — https://www.erzurumhaber.com.tr/haber/1532299/
• Hürriyet (2015) "Yüz şekline göre karakter analizi" — https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kelebek/yuz-sekline-gore-karakter-analizi-40023481
• Express Terzi "Fizyoloji, Yani İlmi Sima Nedir" — https://www.expressterzi.net/fizyoloji-yani-ilmi-sima-nedir/
• Halim Altınışık "Fizyognomi" — https://www.halimaltinisik.com/910/
• Psikolojik Aile Danışmanı (DE) — https://www.psikolojikailedanismani.de/post/ilmi-sima-fizyonomi-y%C3%BCz-okuma-sanati

D. Doğu Okulları (Çin, Hint, Kore, Japon) #

D.1. Çin Mian Xiang #

• MeByFace "10 Face Reading Traditions" — https://www.mebyface.com/learn/face-reading-traditions
• BTB Magazine "Mian Xiang — The Art of Face Reading" — https://btbmagazine.com/mian-xiang-the-art-of-face-reading/
• MCHIP Complete Guide To Chinese Face Reading (PDF)
• Scribd 12 Houses Method — https://www.scribd.com/document/616876020/12-HOUSES-METHOD-OF-FACE-READING
• TheQiFlow "Face Feng Shui Decoded" — https://theqiflow.com/blogs/feng-shui/face-feng-shui
• Feng Shui Architecture Academy "Mian Xiang Evolutionary" — https://www.fengshuiarchitectureacademy.com/academy-architecture-feng-shui/mian-xiang-physiognomy/
• Philadelphia Acupuncture "Classical Chinese Medicine and Face Reading" — https://www.philadelphia-acupuncture.com/chinese-medicine-face-reading/
• JSTOR 1178278 "Mirror of Auras: Chen Tuan on Physiognomy"
• Brill (2020) — Physiognomy in Ming China: Fortune and the Body — https://brill.com/downloadpdf/display/title/57079.pdf
• Cambridge UP Divination and Prediction in Early China and Ancient Greece — https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/divination-and-prediction-in-early-china-and-ancient-greece/methods/

D.2. Hint #

• Wisdom Library "Physiognomy: Significance and symbolism" — https://www.wisdomlib.org/concept/physiognomy
• Yatan Ayur "Ayurvedic Face Reading & Palmistry" — https://www.yatan-ayur.com.au/astrology-physiognomy-face-reading-palmistry/
• Brihat Parashara Hora Shastra (Santhanam ed.) — Internet Archive
• Citrasutras "Understanding Citrasutras in Indian Art" — Scribd 522392190
• Kamakoti Essence of Ganesha Mahima (Samudrika atfı) — https://www.kamakoti.org/kamakoti/books/

D.3. Kore (Gwansang) #

• Best of Korea "Gwansang: Guide to Korean Face Reading" — https://bestofkorea.com/gwansang-guide-to-korean-face-reading/
• Annyeong India "Fortune-Telling: Korean Physiognomy" — https://annyeongindia.com/fortune-telling-korean-physiognomy/
• dl.surf "Decoding Facial Features: Korean Face Reading" — https://dl.surf/@9bulmovie/korean-face-reading-gwan-sang

E. Klasik Batı Eserleri (Tam Metin / Tarihsel) #

• Pseudo-Aristotle, Physiognomonica — Wikipedia article
• Della Porta, De humana physiognomonia (1586) — Princeton chapter PDF — http://assets.press.princeton.edu/chapters/s10923.pdf
• Lavater, Essays on Physiognomy — Emory Archive — https://ia601903.us.archive.org/10/items/04851455.5902.emory.edu/04851455_5902.pdf
• Lavater, The Pocket Lavater (1817) — https://www.actingarchives.it/catalogo_files/The%20Pocket%20Lavater,%20or,%20The%20Science%20of%20Physiognomy%20-%201817.pdf
• Lavater Akademik İnceleme — Edinburgh UP cult.2026.0342 — https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/10.3366/cult.2026.0342
• University of Chicago Press Lavater & "Birth of Modern" — https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdfplus/10.1086/RESv31n1ms20166969
• JSTOR 3201372 Lavater (Shookman ed.) review
• Darwin, Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872) — https://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?viewtype=text&itemID=F1142
• Darwin (1872) brocku.ca — https://brocku.ca/MeadProject/Darwin/Darwin_1872_08.html
• Darwin (1872) Historiesdrawingsprints PDF — https://historiesdrawingsprints.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/darwin-the-expression-of-emotion-1872.pdf
• Real Life Mag "Lying Eyes" (Duchenne tarihi) — https://reallifemag.com/lying-eyes/
• Kretschmer, Physique and Character — Internet Archive 2015.202705
• Face Facts: A History of Physiognomy (Jenkinson) — ResearchGate 13831286

F. Frenoloji ve Lombroso #

F.1. Frenoloji #

• The Conversation (Jan 2018) "Neuroscientists put phrenology through rigorous testing" — https://theconversation.com/neuroscientists-put-the-dubious-theory-of-phrenology-through-rigorous-testing-for-the-first-time-88291
• Jones et al. (2018) PMC 6143440 "An empirical, 21st century evaluation of phrenology"
• BBC Science Focus "Phrenology: from bumps on the head to neuroscience" — https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/phrenology-from-bumps-on-the-head-to-the-birth-of-neuroscience
• JSTOR community.36092966 History of Phrenology

F.2. Lombroso #

• Simply Psychology "Cesare Lombroso" — https://www.simplypsychology.org/lombroso-theory-of-crime-criminal-man-and-atavism.html
• SozTheo "Cesare Lombroso" — https://soztheo.com/authors/cesare-lombroso/
• The Law Institute "Judging by Appearance: Physical Traits and Criminal Propensity" — https://thelaw.institute/criminal-justice-system/physical-traits-link-criminal-propensity/
• PMC 3814446 "Cesare Lombroso: anthropologist between evolution and degeneration"
• OpenEdition / Criminocorpus 319 "Criminal Anthropology in Britain (1880-1918)"
• American Scientist "The Dark Past of Algorithms" — https://www.americanscientist.org/article/the-dark-past-of-algorithms-that-associate-appearance-and-criminality

F.3. Galton / Öjeni #

• Cambridge UP (Nov 2024) "The Worst Legacy of Francis Galton" — https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/understanding-the-naturenurture-debate/worst-legacy-of-francis-galton/
• Wellcome Collection "Genetic Automata Exhibition" — https://wellcomecollection.org/guides/exhibitions/genetic-automata/captions-and-transcripts
• Amerikastudien (2019) "Racist Epistemologies from Galton to The Bell Curve" — https://amst.winter-verlag.de/article/amst/2019/2/6/display/html

G. Modern Bilim (Genetik Sendrom + Forensik) #

G.1. Face2Gene / DeepGestalt / GestaltMatcher #

• Face2Gene — https://www.face2gene.com/
• Face2Gene Pediatrician view — https://www.face2gene.com/pediatrician-view/
• FDNA Tutorials Blog — https://fdna.com/blog/all-the-tutorials-available-to-help-you-master-face2gene/
• PMC 7644377 (2020) "Efficiency of Computer-Aided Facial Phenotyping (DeepGestalt)"
• ResearchGate 330203341 "Identifying facial phenotypes of genetic disorders using deep learning"
• PMC 11188141 "GestaltMatcher Database — global reference"
• medRxiv 2023.06.06.23290887 GestaltMatcher Database
• Nature Genetics 2022 "GestaltMatcher facilitates rare disease matching" DOI 10.1038/s41588-021-01010-x
• MDPI Bioengineering (Aug 2024) "Automated Multi-Class Facial Syndrome Classification" — https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/11/8/827
• ResearchGate 348224574 GestaltMatcher rare disease

G.2. Forensik Yüz Rekonstrüksiyonu #

• Wilkinson (2010) PMC 2815945 "Facial reconstruction — anatomical art or artistic anatomy?"
• Haldia College PDF — https://www.haldiagovtcollege.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/VI-SEM_C13T_Facial-Reconstruction.pdf
• SciSpace "An introduction to facial reconstruction" — https://scispace.com/pdf/an-introduction-to-facial-reconstruction-54licbs2gw.pdf
• ScienceDirect S0305440303000190 "The reconstruction of a face showing a healed wound"

H. Sosyal Psikoloji ve İlk-İzlenim #

• Oosterhof & Todorov (2008) PMC 2555464 "Evaluating face trustworthiness: a model based approach"
• ResearchGate 23479358 Oosterhof & Todorov full paper
• Sutherland thesis (2016) Whiterose First impressions from faces — https://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/id/eprint/9225/1/
• AURA Aberdeen "Do facial first impressions reflect a shared social reality?"
• ScienceDirect S0010027723001749 "Three's a crowd: Fast ensemble perception of first impressions"
• APA PsycNET 2013-35881-008 "Faces and first impressions"

I. FACS, Ekman, Duygu Bilimi #

• Paul Ekman Group, FACS — https://www.paulekman.com/facial-action-coding-system/
• Paul Ekman Group, Micro Expressions — https://www.paulekman.com/resources/micro-expressions/
• Medium (2022) Paul Ekman "The History of the FACS" — https://paulekman.medium.com/the-history-of-the-facial-action-coding-system-facs-8787a86ed81f
• iMotions "Facial Action Coding System: A Visual Guidebook" — https://imotions.com/blog/learning/research-fundamentals/facial-action-coding-system/
• PMC 6158306 "Microexpressions Are Not the Best Way to Catch a Liar"
• EIA Group "What is the FACS?" — https://www.eiagroup.com/the-facial-action-coding-system/

J. AI Etik ve Tartışma #

J.1. Wu-Zhang & AI Suç Kestirimi #

• ResearchGate 310235081 "Automated Inference on Criminality using Face Images"
• Bendel (AAAI 2018) "The Uncanny Return of Physiognomy" — https://www.informationsethik.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/Bendel_Face_Recognition_AAAI_2018.pdf

J.2. Wang-Kosinski Gaydar #

• The Guardian (Sep 2017) "LGBT groups denounce 'dangerous' AI" — https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/08/ai-gay-gaydar-algorithm-facial-recognition-criticism-stanford
• Gregg Mattson Blog "Tracking Wang and Kosinski's AI Gayface Controversy" — https://greggormattson.com/2017/09/12/
• NYT (Oct 2017) "Why Stanford Researchers Tried to Create a Gaydar Machine" — https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/09/science/stanford-sexual-orientation-study.html
• Data & Society Case Study (2018) — https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/AI-Systems-and-Research-Revealing-Sexual-Orientation_Case-Study_Final_CC.pdf
• LSE DSI (Sep 2022) "Deep neural networks and rise of AI Gaydar"
• Inside Higher Ed (Sep 2017) — https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2017/09/13/

J.3. Faception #

• Times of Israel (May 2016) "New Israeli facial imaging" — https://www.timesofisrael.com/new-israeli-facial-imaging-claims-to-identify-terrorists-and-pedophiles/
• Georgetown Security Studies Review (Sep 2020) — https://georgetownsecuritystudiesreview.org/2020/09/30/the-dangers-of-militarizing-racist-facial-recognition-technology/
• The CJN "New Israeli face technology" — https://thecjn.ca/uncategorized/terrorist-criminal-use-new-face-technology-find/
• 311 Institute controversial AI personality from photo — https://www.311institute.com/israeli-scientists-created-ai-that-detects-your-personality-from-photo/
• Business Insider (Oct 2016) "Facial-Profiling Startup Faception: Does It Work?" — https://www.businessinsider.com/does-faception-work-2016-10
• Fanatical Futurist (Jul 2018) — https://www.fanaticalfuturist.com/2018/07/

J.4. Gender Shades / Buolamwini #

• Buolamwini & Gebru (2018) Proceedings of MLR v81 — https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a/buolamwini18a.pdf
• Gender Shades — http://gendershades.org/
• Google Arts & Culture "Joy Buolamwini: examining racial and gender bias"
• MIT News (Feb 2018) "Study finds gender and skin-type bias" — https://news.mit.edu/2018/study-finds-gender-skin-type-bias-artificial-intelligence-systems-0212
• Medium Joy Buolamwini "IBM Leads, More Should Follow" (2020)

J.5. iBorderCtrl / AB #

• European Parliament EPRS (2021) "Artificial Intelligence at EU borders" PDF
• Amnesty (Mar 2019) "Automated technologies and Fortress Europe"
• Article 19 (Sep 2023) "EU: Court denies full transparency about emotion recognition"
• AlgorithmWatch (Oct 2024) "Automation of Fortress Europe: Behind the Black Curtain"
• arXiv 1911.09156 "biomarkers of deceit and iBorderCtrl"

J.6. HireVue / Affectiva #

• The Atlantic (Apr 2021) "AI Is Misreading Human Emotion" — https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2021/04/artificial-intelligence-misreading-human-emotion/618696/
• MIT Technology Review (Feb 2020) "Emotion AI researchers say overblown claims" — https://www.technologyreview.com/2020/02/14/844765/
• LinkedIn AI Employment Law impact
• Angelogiomateo "Emotion AI policy implications for Canada"
• Privacy International "Emotional recognition enters recruitment"

J.7. Looksmaxxing Alt-Kültür #

• BBC Culture (Mar 2024) "Inside looksmaxxing" — https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20240326-inside-looksmaxxing-the-extreme-cosmetic-social-media-trend
• The Guardian (Feb 2024) "From bone smashing to chin extensions" — https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2024/feb/15/
• The Conversation (Jan 2024) "Looksmaxxing TikTok trend turning young men into incels" — https://theconversation.com/looksmaxxing-is-the-disturbing-tiktok-trend-turning-young-men-into-incels-221724
• Mr Porter (Jul 2025) "Social Media Reshaping Men's Faces" — https://www.mrporter.com/en-fi/journal/lifestyle/social-media-looksmaxxing-trends-25288082

K. Estetik ve Güzellik Kanonu #

• Marquardt Phi Mask — Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery — Global Open (2019) PMC 6416133 / journals.lww.com
• ResearchGate 5675224 "Marquardt's Phi Mask: Pitfalls"
• RateByFresh Research — https://ratebyfresh.com/research
• Sage Journals JAMA Facial (2015) "Global Perspective of Beauty" — https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1001/jamafacial.2015.1563
• QOVES (2026) "Facial Proportionality: An Evidence-Based Guide" — https://www.qoves.com/insights/facial-proportionality
• Akshit Kapoor "Horizontal Division of the Face" — http://www.akshitkapoor.com/horizontal-division/

L. Face Mapping / Tıbbî Yüz Bölgeleri #

• Mukti Organics "Face Mapping" — https://www.muktiorganics.com/blogs/news/face-mapping-how-to-read-your-skin-from-within
• Skinmart "Face Analysing" — https://skinmart.com.au/blogs/knowledge-hub/face-mapping-the-holistic-approach-to-reading-your-skin
• WOFS "Face Reading: The Luck of Your Face" — https://www.wofs.com/face-reading-luck/

M. Yüz Şekli / Karakter Popüler #

• YourTango "Face Shape & Personality" — https://www.yourtango.com/self/what-your-face-shape-reveals-about-personality
• Neuhaus Gesichtlesen (Feb 2026) "Face Shape Guide" — https://www.neuhaus-gesichtlesen.de/en/post/what-face-shape-do-i-have
• Byrdie "How to Determine Face Shape" — https://www.byrdie.com/is-your-face-round-square-long-heart-or-oval-shaped-345761
• Maxalo (Jan 2026) "The Face as a Map: Reading Character Through Physiognomy" — https://maxalo.net/en/the-face-as-a-map-reading-character-through-physiognomy/
• Amedics Clinic (Jun 2025) "Face Shapes" — https://amedics.co.uk/blog/types-of-face-shapes/

N. Morfopsikoloji (Corman) #

• Best Psychology Degrees "What is Morphopsychology?" — https://www.bestpsychologydegrees.com/faq/what-is-morphopsychology/
• Library Acropolis "Know your Face — Catherine Guillerme" — https://library.acropolis.org/know-your-face-interview-with-morphopsychology-specialist-catherine-guillerme/
• I Have Learned Academy "Faces & Characters Workshop" — https://www.ihavelearned.me/event/faces-characters-workshop-at-i-have-learned-academy
• Guid Publications "Faces & Characters" — https://guid-publications.com/faces-characters/
• Scribd 971261446 "Understanding Psychomorphology Basics"

O. Somatotip ve 2D:4D #

• Simply Psychology "Sheldon Constitutional Theory" — https://www.simplypsychology.org/sheldon-constitutional-theory-somatotyping.html
• Menno Henselmans "Endomorph, ectomorph, mesomorph" — https://mennohenselmans.com/endomorph-ectomorph-mesomorph-diet-workout/
• Gannikus.de "Die Wahrheit über Somatotyp" — https://www.gannikus.de/medizin/die-wahrheit-ueber-die-einteilung-nach-dem-somatotyp/
• ResearchGate 310621056 "Analysis of the elite athletes' somatotypes"
• NGDS-KU Rakovic elite athletes — http://www.ngds-ku.org/Papers/J48/Rakovic.pdf
• Psychology.town "Kretschmer's Personality Dimensions" — https://psychology.town/personality-theories/kretschmers-personality-dimensions-psychiatry-constitution/
• BIAPSY "Kretschmer Ernst" — https://biapsy.de/en/kretschmer-ernst/
• DrOracle "Kretschmer's four constitutional temperament types" — https://www.droracle.ai/articles/1108174/

P. Sun Tzu vs Modern Eleştirinin Düşünür Listesi #

Bu araştırmada referans gösterilen ana modern eleştirmenler:

• Lisa Feldman Barrett — Northeastern University, How Emotions Are Made
• Kate Crawford — Atlas of AI (Yale 2021)
• Trevor Paglen & Kate Crawford — Excavating AI (2019)
• Safiya Noble — Algorithms of Oppression
• Cathy O'Neil — Weapons of Math Destruction
• Joy Buolamwini — Unmasking AI, Algorithmic Justice League
• Timnit Gebru — Distributed AI Research Institute
• Meredith Whittaker — Signal, eski AI Now
• Michał Kosinski vs eleştirmenleri — Stanford

Notlar #

• Tüm URL'ler SearXNG aramaları sonucunda 2026-05-12 itibariyle erişilebilir bulundu.
• Türkçe akademik kaynakların büyük çoğunluğu isamveri.org, dergipark.org.tr, tdkbelleten.gov.tr üzerinde açık erişimdir.
• Klasik İslâm eserlerinin (Râzî, Dımaşkî) Arapça orijinalleri çoğunlukla yazma hâlinde Süleymaniye Kütüphanesi başta olmak üzere Türkiye kütüphanelerindedir.
• Çağdaş AI etik literatürü (Stinson 2024-2026, Buolamwini 2018, Crawford 2021) hızla genişliyor — yıllık güncelleme yapmak yararlı olur.

Bu dosya canlı bir kaynakçadır — yeni kaynaklar eklendikçe güncelleme yapılabilir.